2008
Frank, S. A. and Schmid-Hempel, P. Mechanisms of pathogenesis and the evolution of parasite virulence. Journal of Evolutionary Biology 21:396-404. (abstract, reprint)
Frank, S. A. Evolutionary dynamics of redundant regulatory control. Journal of Theoretical Biology (in press). (abstract, reprint)
2007
Frank, S. A. Dynamics of Cancer: Incidence, Inheritance, and Evolution. Princeton University Press. (description and download)
Frank, S. A. Maladaptation and the paradox of robustness in evolution. PLoS ONE 2(10):e1021. (abstract, reprint, PLoS link)
Frank, S. A. All of life is social. Current Biology 17:R648-R650. (abstract, reprint)
Frank, S. A. Evolution of antigenic variation. Pages 225-242 in Encyclopedia of Infectious Diseases: Modern Methodologies. M. Tibayrenc, ed. Wiley.
Frank, S. A. and Bush, R. M. Barriers to antigenic escape by pathogens: trade-off between reproductive rate and antigenic mutability. BMC Evolutionary Biology 7:229 (abstract, reprint, BMC link).
Schmid-Hempel, P. and Frank, S. A. Pathogenesis, virulence, and infective dose. PLoS Pathogens 3(10):e147. (abstract, reprint, PLoS link)
2006
Barbour, A. G., Dai, Q., Restrepo, B. I., Stoenner, H. G., and Frank, S. A. Pathogen escape from host immunity by a genome program for antigenic variation. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences USA 103:18290-18295. (abstract, reprint)
Frank, S. A. and Barbour, A. G. Within-host dynamics of antigenic variation. Infection, Genetics and Evolution 6:141-146. (abstract, reprint)
Frank, S. A. Social selection. Pages 350-363 in Evolutionary Genetics: Concepts and Case Studies. C. W. Fox and J. B. Wolf, eds. Oxford University Press. (abstract, reprint)
Frank, S. A. and McKenzie, R. B. The male-female pay gap driven by coupling between labor markets and mating markets. Journal of Bioeconomics 8:269-274. (abstract, reprint)
Frank, S. A. Mathematical biology: Master class in evolutionary modeling [Book review]. Science 314:1878-1879. (reprint)
2005
Frank, S. A. Age-specific incidence of inherited versus sporadic cancers: A test of the multistage theory of carcinogenesis. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences USA 102:1071-1075. (abstract, reprint)
Frank, S. A., Chen, P.-C. and Lipkin, S. M. Kinetics of cancer: a method to test hypotheses of genetic causation. BMC Cancer 5:163. (abstract, reprint, BMC site)
2004
Frank, S. A. Genetic variation in cancer predisposition: mutational decay of a robust genetic control network. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences USA 101:8061-8065. (abstract, reprint)
Frank, S. A. Age-specific acceleration of cancer. Current Biology 14:242-246. (abstract, reprint)
Frank, S. A. and Nowak, M. A. Problems of somatic mutation and cancer. BioEssays 26:291-299. (abstract, reprint)
André, J.-B., Gupta, S., Frank, S. and Tibayrenc, M. 2004. Evolution and immunology of infectious diseases: what's new? Infection, Genetics and Evolution 4:69-75. (reprint)
Lin, S-C. J., Lee, K-F., Nikitin, A. Y., Hilsenbeck, S. G., Cardiff, R. D., Li, A., Kang, K-W., Frank, S. A., Lee, W.-H., Lee, E. Y-H. P. Somatic mutation of p53 leads to estrogen receptor alpha-positive and -negative mouse mammary tumors with high frequency of metastasis. Cancer Research 64:3525-3532. (abstract, reprint)
Frank, S. A. Commentary: Mathematical models of cancer progression and epidemiology in the age of high throughput genomics. International Journal of Epidemiology 33:1179-1181. (abstract, reprint)
Frank, S. A. Genetic predisposition to cancer--insights from population genetics. Nature Reviews Genetics 5:764-772. (abstract, reprint)
Frank, S. A. Inheritance of cancer. Discovery Medicine 4:396-400. (abstract, reprint)
Frank, S. A. A multistage theory of age-specific acceleration in human mortality. BMC Biology 2:16. (BMC site, abstract, reprint)
2003
Frank, S. A. Genetic variation of polygenic characters and the evolution of genetic degeneracy. Journal of Evolutionary Biology 16:138-142. (abstract, reprint)
Frank, S. A. Mergers and acquisitions: Book review of Evolution beyond Natural Selection by Frank Ryan. Nature 421:579-580. (reprint)
Frank, S. A. and Nowak, M. A. Developmental predisposition to cancer. Nature 422:494 (abstract, reprint)
Frank, S. A. Somatic mutation: early cancer steps depend on tissue architecture. Current Biology 13:R261-R263. (abstract, reprint)
Frank, S. A. and Barr, C. M. Programmed cell death and hybrid incompatibility. Journal of Heredity 94:181-183. (abstract, reprint)
Frank, S. A., Iwasa, Y. and Nowak, M. A. Patterns of cell division and the risk of cancer. Genetics 163:1527-1532. (abstract, reprint)
Frank, S. A. Repression of competition and the evolution of cooperation. Evolution 57:693-705. (abstract, reprint)
Frank, S. A. Somatic mosaicism and cancer: inference based on a conditional Luria-Delbrück distribution. Journal of Theoretical Biology 223:405-412. (abstract, reprint)
Michor, F., Nowak, M. A., Frank, S. A. and Iwasa, Y. Stochastic elimination of cancer. Proceedings of the Royal Society of London B 270:2017-2024. (abstract, reprint)
Michor, F., Frank, S. A., May, R. M., Iwasa, Y. and Nowak, M. A. Somatic selection for and against cancer. Journal of Theoretical Biology 225:377-382. (abstract, reprint)
Frank, S. A. Viral genetics: deadly partnerships [News and Views]. Nature 425:251-252. (abstract, reprint)
2002
Frank, S. A. Immunology and Evolution of Infectious Disease. Princeton University Press. (description and download)
Frank, S. A. George Price. Pages 930-931 in Encyclopedia of Evolution. M. Pagel, ed. Oxford University Press. (reprint)
Frank, S. A. Immune response to parasitic attack: evolution of a pulsed character. Journal of Theoretical Biology 219:281-290. (abstract, reprint)
Frank, S. A. A touchstone in the study of adaptation [Book review of Sex Ratios: Concepts and Research Methods]. Evolution 56:2561-2564. (reprint)
2001
Frank, S. A. and Jeffrey, J. S. The probability of severe disease in zoonotic and commensal infections. Proceedings of the Royal Society of London B 268:53-60. (abstract, reprint)
Frank, S. A. Multiplicity of infection and the evolution of hybrid incompatibility in segmented viruses. Heredity 87:522-529. (abstract, reprint)
Frank, S. A. and Barr, C. M. Spatial dynamics of cytoplasmic male sterility. Pages 219-243 in Integrating Ecology and Evolution in a Spatial Context. J. Silvertown and J. Antonovics, eds. Blackwell Science, Oxford. (abstract, reprint)
2000
Frank, S. A. Sperm competition and female avoidance of polyspermy mediated by sperm-egg biochemistry. Evolutionary Ecology Research 2:613-625. (abstract, reprint)
Frank, S. A. Specific and non-specific defense against parasitic attack. Journal of Theoretical Biology 202:283-304. (abstract, reprint)
Frank, S. A. Polymorphism of attack and defense. Trends in Ecology and Evolution 15:167-171. (abstract, reprint)
Frank, S. A. Within-host spatial dynamics of viruses and defective interfering particles. Journal of Theoretical Biology 206:279-290. (abstract, reprint)
1999
Frank, S. A. Population and quantitative genetics of regulatory networks. Journal of Theoretical Biology 197:281-294. (abstract, reprint)
Frank, S. A. A model for the sequential dominance of antigenic variants in African trypanosome infections. Proceedings of the Royal Society of London B 266:1397-1401. (abstract, reprint)
Frank, S. A. Development of colony phenotype in social insects controlled by frequency-dependent thresholds among workers. Evolutionary Ecology Research 1:1003-1007. (abstract, reprint)
1998
Frank, S. A. Foundations of Social Evolution. Princeton University Press. (description and download)
Frank, S. A. Dynamics of cytoplasmic incompatibility with multiple Wolbachia infections. Journal of Theoretical Biology 192:213-218. (abstract, reprint)
Frank, S. A. and Amarasekare, P. Increasing resource specialization among competitors shifts control of diversity from local to spatial processes. Ecology Letters 1:3-5. (abstract, reprint)
Frank, S. A. Inducible defence and the social evolution of herd immunity. Proceedings of the Royal Society of London B 265:1911-1913. (abstract, reprint)
1997
Frank, S. A. Spatial processes in host-parasite genetics. Pages 325-352 in Metapopulation Biology: Ecology, Genetics, and Evolution, I. Hanski and M. Gilpin, eds. Academic Press, New York. (abstract, reprint, tables)
Frank, S. A. Developmental selection and self-organization. BioSystems 40:237-243. (abstract, reprint)
Frank, S. A. The design of adaptive systems: optimal parameters for variation and selection in learning and development. Journal of Theoretical Biology 184:31-39. (abstract, reprint)
Frank, S. A. Cytoplasmic incompatibility and population structure. Journal of Theoretical Biology 184:327-330. (abstract, reprint)
Frank, S. A. Models of symbiosis. American Naturalist 150:S80-S99. (abstract, reprint)
Frank, S. A. Multivariate analysis of correlated selection and kin selection, with an ESS maximization method. Journal of Theoretical Biology 189:307-316. (abstract, reprint)
Frank, S. A. The Price Equation, Fisher's fundamental theorem, kin selection, and causal analysis. Evolution 51:1712-1729. (abstract, reprint)
1996
Frank, S. A. Models of parasite virulence. Quarterly Review of Biology 71:37-78. (abstract, reprint)
Taylor, P. D. and Frank, S. A. How to make a kin selection model. Journal of Theoretical Biology 180:27-37. (abstract, reprint)
Frank, S. A. The design of natural and artificial adaptive systems. Pages 451-505 in Adaptation, M. R. Rose and G. V. Lauder, eds. Academic Press. (abstract, reprint)
Frank, S. A. Statistical properties of polymorphism in host-parasite genetics. Evolutionary Ecology 10:307-317. (abstract, reprint)
Frank, S. A. Problems inferring the specificity of plant-pathogen genetics [a reply to M. Parker]. Evolutionary Ecology 10:323-325. (abstract, reprint)
Frank, S. A. Host-symbiont conflict over the mixing of symbiotic lineages. Proceedings of the Royal Society of London B 263:339-344. (abstract, reprint)
Frank, S. A. Host control of symbiont transmission: the separation of symbionts into germ and soma. American Naturalist 148:1113-1124. (abstract, reprint)
Frank, S. A. and Hurst, L. D. Mitochondria and male disease. Nature 383:224. (abstract, reprint)
Frank, S. A. Policing and group cohesion when resources vary. Animal Behaviour 52:1163-1169. (abstract, reprint)
1995
Frank, S. A. Mutual policing and repression of competition in the evolution of cooperative groups. Nature 377:520-522. (abstract, reprint)
Frank, S. A. The origin of synergistic symbiosis. Journal of Theoretical Biology 176:403-410. (abstract, reprint)
Frank, S. A. Sex allocation in solitary bees and wasps. American Naturalist 146:316-323. (abstract, reprint)
Frank, S. A. George Price's contributions to evolutionary genetics. Journal of Theoretical Biology 175:373-388. (abstract, reprint)
1994
Frank, S. A. Coevolutionary genetics of hosts and parasites with quantitative inheritance. Evolutionary Ecology 8:74-94. (abstract, reprint)
Olivieri, I., and Frank, S. A. The evolution of nodulation in Rhizobium: altruism in the rhizosphere. Journal of Heredity 85:46-47. (reprint)
Frank, S. A. Spatial polymorphism of bacteriocins and other allelopathic traits. Evolutionary Ecology 8:369-386. (abstract, reprint)
Frank, S. A. Polymorphism of bacterial restriction-modification systems: the advantage of diversity. Evolution 48:1470-1477. (abstract, reprint)
Frank, S. A. Genetics of mutualism: the evolution of altruism between species. Journal of Theoretical Biology 170:393-400. (abstract, reprint)
Frank, S. A. Kin selection and virulence in the evolution of protocells and parasites. Proceedings of the Royal Society of London B 258:153-161. (abstract, reprint)
Frank, S. A. Recognition and polymorphism in host-parasite genetics. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London B 346:283-293. (abstract, reprint)
1993
Frank, S. A. Coevolutionary genetics of plants and pathogens. Evolutionary Ecology 7:45-75. (abstract, reprint)
Frank, S. A. A model of inducible defense. Evolution 47:325-327. (abstract, reprint)
Frank, S. A. Specificity versus detectable polymorphism in host-parasite genetics. Proceedings of the Royal Society of London B 254:191-197. (abstract, reprint)
Frank, S. A. Evolution of host-parasite diversity. Evolution 47:1721-1732. (abstract, reprint)
1992
Frank, S. A. and Slatkin, M. Fisher's fundamental theorem of natural selection. Trends in Ecology and Evolution 7:92-95. (abstract, reprint)
Frank, S. A. Models of plant-pathogen coevolution. Trends in Genetics 8:213-219. (abstract, reprint)
Frank, S. A. A kin selection model for the evolution of virulence. Proceedings of the Royal Society of London B 25:195-197. (abstract, reprint)
1991
Frank, S. A. Spatial variation in coevolutionary dynamics. Evolutionary Ecology 5:193-217. (abstract, reprint)
Frank, S. A. Ecological and genetic models of host-pathogen coevolution. Heredity 67:73-83. (abstract, reprint)
Frank, S. A. Divergence of meiotic drive-suppression systems as an explanation for sex-biased hybrid sterility and inviability. Evolution 45:262-267. (abstract, reprint)
Frank, S. A. Haldane's rule: a defense of the meiotic drive theory. Evolution 45:1714-1717. (abstract, reprint)
1990
Slatkin, M., and Frank, S. A. The quantitative genetic consequences of pleiotropy under stabilizing and directional selection. Genetics 125:207-213. (abstract, reprint)
Frank, S. A., and Slatkin, M. The distribution of allelic effects under mutation and selection. Genetical Research 55:111-117. (abstract, reprint)
Frank, S. A. When to copy or avoid an opponent's strategy. Journal of Theoretical Biology 145:41-46. (abstract, reprint)
Frank, S. A., and Slatkin, M. Evolution in a variable environment. American Naturalist 136:244-260. (abstract, reprint)
Frank, S. A. Sex allocation theory for birds and mammals. Annual Review of Ecology and Systematics 21:13-55. (abstract, reprint)
1989
Frank, S. A. The evolutionary dynamics of cytoplasmic male sterility. American Naturalist 133:345-376. (abstract, reprint)
Frank, S. A., and Crespi, B. J. Synergism between sib rearing and sex ratio in Hymenoptera. Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology. 24:155-162. (abstract, reprint)
Frank, S. A. Ecological and evolutionary dynamics of fig communities. Experientia 45:674-680. (abstract, reprint)
1988
Frank, S. A., and Swingland, I. R. Sex ratio under conditional sex expression. Journal of Theoretical Biology 135:415-418. (abstract, reprint)
1987
Frank, S. A. Individual and population sex allocation patterns. Theoretical Population Biology 31:47-74. (abstract, reprint)
Frank, S. A. Variable sex ratio among colonies of ants. Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology 20:195-201. (abstract, reprint)
Frank, S. A. Demography and sex ratio in social spiders. Evolution 41:1267-1281. (abstract, reprint)
Frank, S. A. Weapons and fighting in fig wasps. Trends in Ecology and Evolution 2:259-260. (Review of article by M. Murray) (reprint)
1986
Frank, S. A. Hierarchical selection theory and sex ratios. I. General solutions for structured populations. Theoretical Population Biology 29:312-342. (abstract, reprint)
Frank, S. A. The genetic value of sons and daughters. Heredity 56:351-354. (abstract, reprint)
Frank, S. A. Dispersal polymorphisms in subdivided populations. Journal of Theoretical Biology 122:303-309. (abstract, reprint)
1985
Frank, S. A. Hierarchical selection theory and sex ratios. II. On applying the theory, and a test with fig wasps. Evolution 39:949-964. (abstract, reprint)
Frank, S. A. Are mating and mate competition by the fig wasp Pegoscapus assuetus (Agaonidae) random within a fig? Biotropica 17:170-172. (abstract, reprint)
1984
Frank, S. A. The behavior and morphology of the fig wasps Pegoscapus assuetus and P. jimenezi: Descriptions and suggested behavioral characters for phylogenetic studies. Psyche 91:289-308. (abstract, reprint)
1983
Frank, S. A. Theoretical and Empirical Studies of Sex Ratios, Mainly in Fig Wasps. M.S. Thesis, University of Florida, Gainesville. (reprint)
Frank, S. A. A hierarchical view of sex-ratio patterns. The Florida Entomologist 66:42-75. (abstract, reprint)